Effective State-Size (ESS): A proxy metric for measuring model memory utilization
Effective State-Size (ESS) is a proxy metric for measuring model memory utilization. By analyzing the input dependency matrix T(u) of deep learning sequential models (such as attention, SSM, gated convolution), ESS is defined as the rank of the submatrix of T(u), revealing key characteristics of model state compression, initialization and characterization, and state modulation. Research findings show that LLMs with effectively regulated ESS perform better in high recall tasks.

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