Exin Therapeutics successfully had an AI agent perform brain surgery on a mouse.

Exin Therapeutics successfully had an AI agent control a robotic arm to inject a drug for treating epilepsy in a mouse, with the surgical process autonomously completed by the Anthropic Sonnet model for drug selection, brain region localization, and injection, under the full supervision of a veterinarian who needed to approve each step. The AI agent observed the injection site during the surgery through a camera, and finally injected 250 nanoliters of the drug, with the mouse recovering well. The Anthropic Opus 5.5 model refused to execute the surgery upon detecting biologically related content.